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Amygdala Subregions Tied to SSRI and Placebo Response in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder
Uppsala universitet, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för radiologi, onkologi och strålningsvetenskap, Enheten för nuklearmedicin och PET.
Uppsala universitet, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
P.A.I.N. Group, Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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2012 (Engelska)Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 0893-133X, E-ISSN 1740-634X, Vol. 37, nr 10, s. 2222-2232Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The amygdala is a key structure in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, and a putative target for anxiolytic treatments, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and placebo seem to induce anxiolytic effects by attenuating amygdala responsiveness. However, conflicting amygdala findings have also been reported. Moreover, the neural profile of responders and nonresponders is insufficiently characterized and it remains unknown whether SSRIs and placebo engage common or distinct amygdala subregions or different modulatory cortical areas. We examined similarities and differences in the neural response to SSRIs and placebo in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15-labeled water was used to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 72 patients with SAD during an anxiogenic public speaking task, before and after 6-8 weeks of treatment under double-blind conditions. Response rate was determined by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Conjunction analysis revealed a common rCBF-attenuation from pre- to post-treatment in responders to SSRIs and placebo in the left basomedial/basolateral and right ventrolateral amygdala. This rCBF pattern con-elated with behavioral measures of reduced anxiety and differentiated responders from nonresponders. However, nonanxiolytic treatment effects were also observed in the amygdala. All subgroups, including nonresponders, showed deactivation of the left lateral part of the amygdala. No rCBF differences were found between SSRI responders and placebo responders. This study provides new insights into the brain dynamics underlying anxiety relief by demonstrating common amygdala targets for pharmacologically and psychologically induced anxiety reduction, and by showing that the amygdala is functionally heterogeneous in anxiolysis.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Nature Publishing Group, 2012. Vol. 37, nr 10, s. 2222-2232
Nyckelord [en]
amygdala, SSRIs, placebo, SAD, subregions, PET
Nationell ämneskategori
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Forskningsämne
Neurovetenskap
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181544DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.72ISI: 000307796600005OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-181544DiVA, id: diva2:556650
Tillgänglig från: 2012-09-25 Skapad: 2012-09-25 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-01-28Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Mind really does matter: The Neurobiology of Placebo-induced Anxiety Relief in Social Anxiety Disorder
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Mind really does matter: The Neurobiology of Placebo-induced Anxiety Relief in Social Anxiety Disorder
2012 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The placebo effect, a beneficial effect attributable to a treatment containing no specific properties for the condition being treated, has been demonstrated in a variety of medical conditions. This thesis includes four studies aimed at increasing our knowledge on the neurobiology of placebo. Study I, a review of the placebo neuroimaging literature, suggested that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may be a common site of action for placebo responses. However, because placebo neuroimaging studies in clinical disorders are largely lacking, the clinical relevance of this needs further clarification. The subsequent three empirical studies were thus designed from a clinical perspective. Using positron emission tomography (PET) these studies investigated the underlying neurobiology of sustained placebo responses in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), a disabling psychiatric condition that nonetheless may be mitigated by placebo interventions. Study II demonstrated that serotonergic gene polymorphisms affect anxiety-induced neural activity and the resultant placebo phenotype. In particular, anxiety reduction resulting from placebo treatment was tied to the attenuating effects of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism on amygdala activity. Study III further compared the neural response profile of placebo with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e the first-line pharmacological treatment for SAD. A similar anxiety reduction was noted in responders of both treatments. PET-data further revealed that placebo and SSRI responders had similar decreases of the neural response in amygdala subregions including the left basomedial/basolateral (BM/BLA) and the right ventrolateral (VLA) sections. To clarify whether successful placebo and SSRI treatments operate via similar or distinct neuromodulatory pathways, study IV focused on the connectivity patterns between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex that may be crucial for normal emotion regulation. In responders of both treatment modalities, the left amygdala (BM/BLA) exhibited negative coupling with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the rostral ACC as well as a shared positive coupling with the dorsal ACC. This may represent shared treatment mechanisms involving improved emotion regulation and decreased rumination. This thesis constitutes a first step towards better understanding of the neurobiology of placebo in the treatment of anxiety, including the neural mechanisms that unite and segregate placebo and SSRI treatment.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. s. 92
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences, ISSN 1652-9030 ; 82
Nyckelord
Placebo effect, anxiolysis, SAD, PET, TPH2 G-703T polymorphism, SSRIs, amygdala subregions, prefrontal cortex.
Nationell ämneskategori
Humaniora
Forskningsämne
Psykologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181548 (URN)978-91-554-8478-1 (ISBN)
Disputation
2012-11-09, Auditorium Minus, Gustavianum, Akademigatan 3, Uppsala, 13:15 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2012-10-19 Skapad: 2012-09-25 Senast uppdaterad: 2013-01-23Bibliografiskt granskad

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Faria, VandaAppel, LieuweÅhs, FredrikFrans, ÖrjanFredrikson, MatsFurmark, Tomas
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