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Temperature dependence of dynamic nuclear polarization and its effect on electron spin relaxation and dephasing in InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Funktionella elektroniska material. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-1403-395X
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Teoretisk Fysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Funktionella elektroniska material. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-7155-7103
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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2012 (Engelska)Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 100, nr 14, s. 143105-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Electron spin dephasing and relaxation due to hyperfine interaction with nuclear spins is studied in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot ensemble as a function of temperature up to 85 K, in an applied longitudinal magnetic field. The extent of hyperfineinduced dephasing is found to decrease, whereas dynamic nuclear polarization increases with increasing temperature. We attribute both effects to an accelerating electron spin relaxation through phonon-assisted electron-nuclear spin flip-flops driven by hyperfine interactions, which could become the dominating contribution to electron spin depolarization at high temperatures.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2012. Vol. 100, nr 14, s. 143105-
Nationell ämneskategori
Naturvetenskap Den kondenserade materiens fysik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75095DOI: 10.1063/1.3701273ISI: 000302567800060OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-75095DiVA, id: diva2:503746
Anmärkning
funding agencies|Swedish Research Council| 621-2011-4254 |Tillgänglig från: 2012-02-16 Skapad: 2012-02-16 Senast uppdaterad: 2021-12-28Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Spin Properties in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot based Nanostructures
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Spin Properties in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot based Nanostructures
2012 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a promising building block of future spin-functional devices for applications in spintronics and quantum information processing. Essential to the realization of such devices is our ability to create a desired spin orientation of charge carriers (electrons and holes), typically via injection of spin polarized carriers from other parts of the QD structures. In this thesis, the optical orientation technique has been used to characterize spin generation, relaxation and detection in self-assembled single and multi-QD structures in the InAs/GaAs system prepared by modern molecular beam epitaxy technique.

Optical generation of spin-oriented carriers in the wetting layer (WL) and GaAs barrier was carried  out via circularly polarized excitation of uncorrelated electron-hole pairs from band-to-band transitions or via resonant excitation of correlated electron-hole pairs, i.e. excitons. It was shown that the generation and injection of uncorrelated electron-hole pairs is advantageous for spin-preserving injection into the QDs. The lower spin injection efficiency of excitons was attributed to an enhanced spin relaxation caused by the mutual electron-hole Coulomb exchange interaction. This correlation affects the spin injection efficiency up to elevated temperatures of around 150 K.

Optical orientation at the energy of the WL light-hole (lh) exciton (XL) is accompanied by simultaneous excitation from the heavy-hole (hh) valence band at high ~k-vectors. Quantum interference of the two excitation pathways in the spectral vicinity of the XL energy resulted in occurrence of an asymmetric absorption peak, a Fano resonance. Complete quenching of spin generation efficiency at the resonance was observed and attributed to enhanced spin scattering between the hh and lh valence bands in conjunction with the Coulomb exchange interaction in the XL. This mechanism remains effective up to temperatures exceeding 100 K.

In longitudinal magnetic fields up to 2 T, the spin detection efficiency in the QD ensemble was observed to increase by a factor of up to 2.5 in the investigated structures. This is due to the suppression of two spin depolarization mechanisms of the QD electron: the hyperfine interaction with the randomly oriented nuclear spins and the anisotropic exchange interaction with the hole. At higher magnetic fields, when these spin depolarization processes are quenched, only anisotropic QD structures (such as double QDs, aligned along a specific crystallographic axis) still exhibit a rather strong field dependence of the QD electron spin polarization under non-resonant excitation. Here, an increased spin relaxation in the spin injector, i.e. the WL or GaAs barrier, is suggested to lead to more efficient thermalization of the spins to the lower Zeeman-split spin state before capture to the QD.

Finally, the influence of elevated temperatures on the spin properties of the QD structures was studied. The temperature dependence of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of the host lattice atoms in the QDs and its effect on the QD electron spin relaxation and dephasing were investigated for temperatures up to 85 K. An increase in DNP efficiency with temperature was found, accompanied by a decrease in the extent of spin dephasing. Both effects are attributed to an accelerating electron spin relaxation, suggested to be due to phonon-assisted electronnuclear spin flip-flops driven by the hyperfine interaction. At even higher temperatures, reaching up to room temperature, a surprising, sharp rise in the QD polarization degree has been found. Experiments in a transverse magnetic field showed a rather constant QD spin lifetime, which could be governed by the spin dephasing time T*2. The observed rising in QD spin polarization degree could be likely attributed to a combined effect of shortening of trion lifetime and increasing spin injection efficiency from the WL. The latter may be caused by thermal activation of non-radiative carrier relaxation channels.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012. s. 48
Serie
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1426
Nationell ämneskategori
Naturvetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75097 (URN)978-91-7519-965-8 (ISBN)
Disputation
2012-04-02, Planck, Fysikhuset, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2012-02-16 Skapad: 2012-02-16 Senast uppdaterad: 2021-12-28Bibliografiskt granskad

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