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Measuring Acceptance of Sleep Difficulties: The Development of the Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire
Uppsala universitet, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-3075-4861
Uppsala universitet, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för psykologi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2015 (engelsk)Inngår i: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 38, nr 11, s. 1815-1822Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Study Objectives: Acceptance may be an important therapeutic process in sleep medicine, but valid psychometric instruments measuring acceptance related to sleep difficulties are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of acceptance in insomnia, and to examine its factor structure as well as construct validity. Design: In a cross-sectional design, a principal component analysis for item reduction was conducted on a first sample (A) and a confirmatory factor analysis on a second sample (B). Construct validity was tested on a combined sample (C). Setting: Questionnaire items were derived from a measure of acceptance in chronic pain, and data were gathered through screening or available from pretreatment assessments in four insomnia treatment trials, administered online, via bibliotherapy and in primary care. Participants: Adults with insomnia: 372 in sample A and 215 in sample B. Sample C (n = 820) included sample A and B with another 233 participants added. Measures: Construct validity was assessed through relations with established acceptance and sleep scales. Results: The principal component analysis presented a two-factor solution with eight items, explaining 65.9% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the solution. Acceptance of sleep problems was more closely related to subjective symptoms and consequences of insomnia than to diary description of sleep, or to acceptance of general private events. Conclusions: The Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire (SPAQ), containing the subscales "Activity Engagement" and "Willingness", is a valid tool to assess acceptance of insomnia.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2015. Vol. 38, nr 11, s. 1815-1822
Emneord [en]
acceptance; experiential avoidance; insomnia; principal component analysis; psychometric evaluation; scale construction; Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire; willingness
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259064DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5170ISI: 000363740100021OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-259064DiVA, id: diva2:843076
Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-07-25 Laget: 2015-07-25 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-04bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: How, for Whom and What about Acceptance?
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: How, for Whom and What about Acceptance?
2015 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Sleep is essential for survival but a significant minority of the adult population are dissatisfied with their sleep, and 6-10% meet the criteria for insomnia disorder, characterised by difficulties falling asleep at bedtime, waking up in the middle of the night or too early in the morning, and daytime symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), an evidence-based sleep-focused intervention, has been suggested as the treatment of choice for chronic insomnia. However, access to specialised sleep therapists is sparse, and a service delivery model based on the principles of ‘stepped care’ has been proposed. Even though CBT-I is shown to be effective, there is a need to continue the development of cognitive behavioural treatments for insomnia. As a complement to traditional interventions, the potential value of acceptance, that is, to make an active choice of openness towards psychological experiences, has been recognized. However, it has not yet been systematically investigated, and specific instruments for studying acceptance in insomnia are lacking.

The present thesis is based on three studies: Study I showed that manual-guided CBT for insomnia delivered by ordinary primary care personnel has a significant effect on perceived insomnia severity, sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset. Study II demonstrated that non-responders in Study I reported shorter sleep time at baseline than did responders, a notion that may help select patients for this type of low-end intervention in a stepped care treatment approach. Study III aimed to develop a new assessment instrument for studying acceptance of insomnia, the Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire (SPAQ), resulting in an eight-item questionnaire with two factors; the first being Activity Engagement, persisting with normal activities even when sleep is unsatisfactory, and the second involving Willingness, avoiding fighting and trying to control sleep problems.

In conclusion, the present thesis demonstrates that it is feasible to treat patients with insomnia using CBT-I administrated by ordinary primary care personnel in general practice, and that those with relatively longer initial sleep duration benefit most from treatment, enabling allocation to relevant treatment intensity. In addition, acceptance of sleep difficulties may be quantified using the SPAQ.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2015. s. 43
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences, ISSN 1652-9030 ; 113
Emneord
Insomnia, cognitive behavioural therapy, sleep, primary care, stepped care, questionnaire, acceptance
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Psykologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259605 (URN)978-91-554-9297-7 (ISBN)
Disputas
2015-09-25, Auditorium Minus, Gustavianum, Akademigatan 3, Uppsala, 10:15 (svensk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-09-02 Laget: 2015-08-10 Sist oppdatert: 2016-07-20

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